Call for Using Behavioral Science Theory for Design and Evaluation of Food Is Medicine Interventions: A Perspective Using a Case Study Approach

Top Things to Know

The article shows that theory‑driven programs more effectively influence dietary behaviors because they target constructs like self‑efficacy, behavioral capability, and reinforcement.

By mapping intervention elements to mechanisms of change, programs can test whether improvements in attitudes, confidence, or social support lead to better diet quality and health outcomes.

A standardized, theory‑informed approach allows food prescriptions and produce programs to function consistently across settings, expanding their reach and impact.

Summary of Conclusion/Findings

This perspective article argues that Food Is Medicine (FIM) interventions often lack grounding in behavioral science theory, limiting their ability to explain how and why dietary behavior change occurs. Using a case study of a Social Cognitive Theory–based Produce Rx program for high‑risk pregnant mothers, the authors illustrate how theory can structure intervention components across individual, interpersonal, and community levels, including produce delivery, nutrition education, and community health worker support. The review emphasizes that theory-based interventions clarify mechanisms of change which can be measured and refined through evaluation. It highlights that most existing FIM programs do not adequately apply or evaluate behavioral frameworks, despite their proven effectiveness in other nutrition interventions. The authors call for broader adoption of behavioral science models to improve rigor, enhance implementation, and strengthen evidence for scaling FIM interventions across diverse populations. Overall, the review positions behavioral theory as essential for advancing FIM from “providing healthy food” to delivering predictable, measurable behavior change.