Implementation of Food is Medicine Programs in Healthcare Settings: A Narrative Review

Top Things to Know

Organizational and leadership support is crucial for Food Is Medicine (FIM) integration. Strong leadership buy-in and clear staff roles improve program adoption and sustainability. Challenges include limited staffing capacity, lack of reimbursement pathways, and administrative burden. Healthcare provider training and champions are needed to successfully integrate FIM programs into clinical workflows.

Data and technology infrastructure gaps limit program effectiveness. Many healthcare systems lack electronic medical record (EMR) integration for screening, referral, and tracking FIM outcomes. Standardized screening tools and closed-loop referral systems are needed to improve patient participation and follow-up.

Funding and policy barriers hinder long-term sustainability. Most FIM programs rely on grants and philanthropic funding, making long-term sustainability uncertain. Medicaid waivers and reimbursement models are emerging but require stronger evidence for cost-effectiveness. Public-private partnerships and policy reforms are needed to expand funding and make FIM programs a standard part of healthcare.

Summary of Conclusion/Findings

This review highlights critical facilitators and barriers to integrating Food is Medicine programs in healthcare settings. While leadership support, technology integration, and funding pathways are key to scaling FIM programs, policy changes and healthcare reimbursement models are necessary for long-term sustainability. The study provides an EPIS-informed checklist to guide healthcare organizations, policymakers, and technical assistance providers in improving FIM implementation. Future research should focus on standardizing implementation strategies, integrating EMR systems, and expanding sustainable financing models to scale FIM programs nationwide.